AN INTRODUCTION TO SWITCHES & CROSSINGS

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PROCESSES IN BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Bituminous road constructions steps:

1. Preparation of the existing base course layer

The existing surface is prepared by removing the pot holes or rust if any. The irregularities are filled in with premix chippings at least a week before laying surface course. If the existing pavement is extremely way, a bituminous leveling course of adequate thickness is provided to lay a bituminous concrete surface course on a binder course instead of directly laying it on a WBM.

2. Application of Tuck Coat

It is desirable to lay AC layer over a bituminous base or binder course. A tack coat of bitumen is applied at 6.0 to 7.5 kg per 10 sq.m area, this quantity may be increased to 7.5 to 10 kg for non-bituminous base.

3. Preparation and placing of Premix

The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant of a required capacity with the desired quality control. The bitumen may be heated upto 150 – 177 deg C and the aggregate temperature should not differ by over 14 deg C from the binder temperature. The hot mixed material is collected from the mixture by the transporters, carried to the location is spread by a mechanical paver at a temperature of 121 to 163 deg C. the camber and the thickness of the layer are accurately verified. The control of the temperatures during the mixing and the compaction are of great significance in the strength of the resulting pavement structure.

4. Rolling

A mix after it is placed on the base course is thoroughly compacted by rolling at a speed not more than 5km per hour.

The initial or break down rolling is done by 8 to 12 tonnes roller and the intermediate rolling is done with a fixed wheel pneumatic roller of 15 to 30 tonnes having a tyre pressure of 7kg per sq.cm. the wheels of the roller are kept damp with water.

The number of passes required depends on the thickness of the layer. In warm weather rolling on the next day, helps to increase the density if the initial rolling was not adequate. The final rolling or finishing is done by 8 to 10 tonne tandem roller.

Fig: Tandem Roller

5. Quality control of bituminous concrete construction

The routine checks are carried out at site to ensure the quality of the resulting pavement mixture and the pavement surface.

Periodical checks are made for

a) Aggregate grading

b) Grade of bitumen

c) Temperature of aggregate

d) Temperature of paving mix during mixing and compaction.

At least one sample for every 100 tonnes of the mix discharged by the hot mix plant is collected and tested for above requirements. Marshall tests are also conducted. For every 100 sq.m of the compacted surface, one test of the field density is conducted to check whether it is atleast 95% of the density obtained in the laboratory. The variation in the thickness allowed is 6mm per 4.5m length of construction.

6. Finished surface:

The AC surface should be checked by a 3.0 m straight edge. The longitudinal undulations should not exceed 8.0 mm and the number of undulations higher than 6.0 mm should not exceed 10 in a length of 300 m. The cross-traffic profile should not have undulations exceeding 4.0mm.

3 of 4 Construction Evans Shoreview Asphalt Paving New Road

முதல் படி

உன்னால் முடியும் என்று எண்ணுவதையோ அல்லது முடியும் என்று கனவு காண்பதையோ

 துணிந்து தொடங்கு. உனது துணிவிலேயே அறிவும், ஆற்றலும், மந்திரமும் அடங்கியுள்ளன.

- Goethe.

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நம்பிக்கையோடு உன் முதலடியை எடுத்து வை. முழுப் படிக்கட்டையும் நீ பார்க்க வேண்டிய 

அவசியமில்லை. முதல் படியில் ஏறு.

- Martin Luther King Jr.

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செய்ய முடியும் என்று நம்பு. ஒன்றைச் செய்ய முடியும் என்று நீ முழுதாய் நம்பும்போது, உன் 

மனம் அதைச் செய்து முடிக்கும் வழிகளைக் கண்டறியும். ஒரு காரியத்தில் வைக்கும் 

நம்பிக்கை, அந்தக் காரியத்தை முடிக்கும் வழியையும் காட்டுகிறது.

- Dr. David Schwartz

******************************************************************************* நம்பிக்கையுள்ள மனிதனுக்கு, எப்போதும் ரோஜாதான் கண்ணில் படும்;முட்கள் இல்லை 

-டிக்கன்ஸன்

10 REASONS 2 SMILE

KIDZ

RENACON BRICKS - PHOTOS

Plasmor offer an extensive and comprehensive range of innovative and high quality building blocks for all applications of block paving in residential, commercial, industrial and prestigious building projects in the public and private sector. The range encompasses multi-purpose Lightweight Aggregate, Dense Aggregate and the ultimate Ultra Lightweight blocks for a multitude of applications with Paint Grade and Close Textured blocks available for direct painting. To support the need for sustainable products, Plasmor have introduced the Synerg.Eco range which is manufactured from recycled or reclaimed aggregates. Heading Plasmor’s innovative range is Plasmor Architectural Masonry, a collection of bespoke, coloured facing masonry ideal for both internal and external applications.

ULTRA LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCKS

Fibolite Ultra Lightweight blocks are the ultimate lightweight loadbearing building blocks for housebuilding, extensions and renovations.  Manufactured from Plasmor’s own man-made expanded clay, the blocks are exceptionally light, are easy to move around sites and afford one hand lifting which improves laying rates and easily satisfies HSE guidelines on manual handling. The extremely low density provides high insulation properties which together with secondary insulation offers excellent thermal performance. Fibolite blocks are available in a range of sizes and strengths and easily satisfy Part L of Building Regulations. Fibolite blocks are the building block of choice for discerning housebuilders and their bricklayers.

 

LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCKS

 

Stranlite in the Lightweight block range is a comprehensive range of multi-purpose loadbearing building blocks available in a wide range of strengths and sizes. Manufactured from high quality approved recycled aggregates and Plasmor's man-made expanded clay, Lightweight blocks are available in solid, hollow or cellular units. Lightweight blocks offer a proven high level of all round technical performance and flexibility, are suitable for internal and external walls, flooring, can be used below d.p.c. in 7.3N solid format, and are Building Regulation Part E and Part L compliant. Stranlite Lightweight blocks are widely specified for Housebuilding, Industrial, Commercial and RMI projects

 

 

Aglite Ultima is a range of low density, lightweight load bearing blocks manufactured using a mix of Plasmor’s own man-made expanded clay and high quality lightweight aggregates. Available in a range of sizes and strengths, Aglite Ultima complies with all prevailing regulations including Part L, Part E, Robust Details E-WM-12, E-WM-17, E-WM-22, E-FC-4 and the Code for Sustainable Homes and the 100mm block has a one hand lift of 11.5kg so laying rates are faster and safer.

Stranlite Paint Grade blocks are manufactured with a close textured face to accept direct painting to give an attractive smooth and low maintenance finish.

Foundation blocks are designed for use below d.p.c. in the construction of solid wall foundations with speed and certainty. The use of these blocks replaces the use of 2 skins of blockwork, wall-ties, concrete cavity fill and removes the risk of foundation cavity collapse. Stranlite Foundation blocks comply with The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations for single unit repetitive lifting and Aglite Foundation14, the new lighter foundation block, has a single unit weight of only 14kg so savings can be made due to faster laying rates and they are safer too due to less risk of repetitive lifting injury below knee level.

 

SYNERG.ECO AGGREGATE BLOCKS

Stranlite Synerg.Eco and Stranlite Paint Grade Synerg.Eco is a range of general purpose building blocks with applications in house building and commercial construction. Stranlite Synerg.Eco is manufactured from 100% recycled or reclaimed aggregates and Stranlite Paint Grade Synerg.Eco is produced using 80% recycled or reclaimed aggregates. Synerg.Eco satisfies sustainability and environmental credentials where specified, whilst complying with thermal and acoustic building regulations. 

DENSE AGGREGATE BLOCKS

Plascon Dense Aggregate blocks comprise a comprehensive range of high strength, robust and durable loadbearing blocks in solid, hollow or cellular units. Plascon blocks are suitable for use in internal and external walls, for flooring and below dpc.

Plascon Close Textured blocks are available for direct painting. The high density of Plascon provides excellent acoustic performance and Building Regulation Part E compliance.

INNOVATION AND HIGH QUALITY

New products are continually being developed in collaboration with our customers and specifiers. Throughout the range only the highest quality approved aggregates are used in production, including Plasmor’s unique and own man-made expanded clay.

All concrete blocks are manufactured in accordance with BS EN 771-3 on state of the art manufacturing plants under Quality Management Standard BS EN ISO 9001.

 

RENACON BRICKS

Renaatus Procon Private Limited has been started to innovate and introduce new age walling solutions, which are advantageous to customers in enhancing construction speed and yielding better masonry output thereby saving labour cost.
Our Range of Products are :
Renacon AAC Blocks Renabond adhesive for AAC blocks and tiles.
RENACON TECHNICAL DATA Dimensional Precision +/- 2mm Precision in Size Variation 2mm (+/-) Compressive Strength 35kg to 40kg per Cm2 / 3.5 to 4.0 N/mm2 conforming to IS 2185/1984 Fire Resistance 1600° Celsius for 6 hours for a block with 200mm thickness Density 600-650 kg/m3 (dry) Sound Reduction index (db) 45db for 200 mm thick wall Thermal Conductivity Low / 0.16 kelvin per meter. Colour Light Grey
DIMENSIONS 100 MM (4 ") 110MM (4.5") 150MM (6") 200MM (8") 225MM ( 9" ) BLOCKS PER CUBIC METER 83 blocks 72 blocks 55 blocks 41 blocks 37 Blocks BLOCKS PER METRIC TON 117 blocks 90 blocks 76 blocks 58 Blocks 52 Blocks
Compare AAC with CLC :
S.NO. PARAMETERS AUTOCLAVED AERATED  CONCRETE BLOCKS CELLULAR LIGHTWEIGHT  CONCRETE BLOCKS BURNT CLAY BRICKS 1. Basic raw materials & other inputs Cement, Sand/PFA, High Quality Lime, Gypsum, Water & alluminium as aerating Compound Cement, Aggregate, Fly Ash, Water & Foam chemical Compound Top Soil & Energy 2. General Properties   Dry Density kg/m3 650-750 750 – 800 1900   Compressive Strength in kg/cm3 30-40 25 – 30 40-75   Range of applications / utility Non-load bearing blocks Partition Load-bearing & non-load bearing   Aging No gain in strength with age Gains strength with age No gain in strength with age   Thermal Conductivity (W/m.k.) 0.132-0.151 for 600 kg/m3 0.132-0.151 for 800 kg/m3 0.184   Sound Insulation Superior than burnt clay & hollow concrete Superior than burnt clay & hollow concrete Normal   Ease of Working Can be cut, nailed & drilled Can be cut, nailed & drilled Normal   Process Casting –rising –pre curing Casting –Rising-conventional curing Moulding-heat treatment. 3. Shape & Form   Pre-cast Brick size 600 x 200 x 100/150/200 mm 600 x 200 x 100/150/200 mm 230 x 100 x 70 mm   Pre-cast elements Any size of elements Any size of elements Not feasible   Cast in shape Not feasible Any shape & size in any density Not feasible 4. Water Absorption % by weight Less than 20%  by volume 12% for 800 kg/m3 density (by volume) 20% by volume 5. Drying Shrinkage mm/meter Shrinkage after maturing0.011 (for 600 kg/m3) 0.058 (for kg/m3) 0.10 No shrinkage 6. Productivity Output 100% more than brick work Output 100% more than brick work Normal 7. Eco Friendliness Pollution free, normal energy requirement, Open process uses fly ash or sand-lime Pollution free, Least energy requriement, Can consume fly ash around 33% Creates smoke, Uses high energy, Wastes agricultural land 8. Structural saving due to dead weight reduction 55% reduction in weight of walls. Tremendous structural saving for high rise buildings in Earthquake / Poor soil area 55% reduction in weight of walls. Tremendous structural saving for high rise buildings in Earthquake / Poor soil area No additional saving 9. Delivery Pre-Cured and ready for delivery Conventional curing required. Not ready  for delivery in post production. Seasonal. 10. Automization Automated manufacturing process- accurate design mix Semi automization Manual

The adoption of AAC block in building construction will lead to the following advantages,

Prof. A.R.SANTHAKUMAR Former Dean (Civil Engineering) Anna University and Former Emeritus Professor, IIT Madras.     Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block is a viable replacement for conventional red clay bricks, which we normally use for our building construction. Red clay bricks are used for load bearing as well as for filler walls of RCC frames in high rise structures. There is considerable difficulty, of late in getting good quality bricks. In addition manufacture of bricks cause depletion of top soil and is considered environmentally unfriendly. Therefore we have recently looked for viable alternatives. The alternative that we propose should be durable and have properties similar or Better than conventional bricks. The Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block is a very timely introduction to the building industry, which fulfils the need for walls in buildings. For a good product, it should be quality assured as per BIS standards. In case of AAC Block, IS code 2185: Part III: 1984, defines all the quality parameters. The adoption of AAC block in building construction will lead to the following advantages, It reduces the load on the foundation and other structural components in a structure due to its self weight of 600 to 800 kg/cum, as compared with the self weight of brick masonry of 1900-2000 kg/cum. Because of reduction in self weight, AAC block construction attracts, Less earthquake load. The output of the mason will increase because of less number of joints. The AAC block is thermally better and hence when adopted leads to less energy for air-conditioning. The AAC Block has better sound insulation properties, Due to its air voids presence The AAC block is dimensionally more accurate as it is produced with wire cut technology in a certified factory. The normal brick wall has considerably more joints, Due to small wall size of brick. On the other hand, Due to longer size, AAC block has less joints and Hence less mortar consumption. The AAC Block, When built has both faces as fair faces, Unlike brick work, Which has only one face as a fair face? Hence if plastered, The thickness of Plaster for AAC block is much less compared to conventional bricks. The AAC block is light, Has air voids and hence has better fire resisting property compared to red clay bricks. The product being produced in a factory, Has uniform quality and hence is more durable. The raw materials used for the production, Has been found to be eco – friendly, As very little cement is used. The use of fly ash in this venture, Makes us to Utilize a waste material from thermal plants. The red clay bricks now available in many parts of India are Classified as Class A, class B and Class C bricks. The bricks available in South India are of much poor quality because of the type of clay available here. Therefore we are able to produce only Class C bricks, which accounts for a strength of about 30 to 40 kg/sqcm. This strength range of 35 to 40 kg/sqcm, and Hence is much better then undependable red bricks strength. Based on all the above, I have no hesitation in recommending the use of AAC Blocks For building construction in the following areas of work, where usually red clay bricks are Now being used. Load Bearing masonry upto 2 to 3 storeyes. Partition walls in Load Bearing and Framed Structures. Infill walls in Multistory Building Frames both internal and external walls. All Filling areas including in flat slabs and instead of brick bats in weathering course, over roof. By proper design, The use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ( AAC ) Block, Will result in economy on overall cost. Mr. Moorthi